Binary options brain review

Binary numbers — seen as strings of 0's and 1's — are often associated with computers. But why is this? Why can't computers just use base 10 instead of converting to and from binary? Isn't it more efficient to use a higher base, since binary base 2 representation uses up more "spaces"?

I was recently asked this question by someone who knows a good deal about computers. But this question is also often asked by people who aren't so tech-savvy. Either way, the answer is quite simple. A modern-day "digital" computer, as opposed to an older "analog" computer, operates on the principle of two possible states of something — "on" and "off". This directly corresponds to there either being an electrical current present, or said electrical current being absent.

The "on" state is assigned the value "1", while the "off" state is assigned the value "0". The term "binary" implies "two". Thus, the binary number system is a system of numbers based on two possible digits — 0 and 1. This is where the strings of binary digits come in. Each binary digit, or "bit", is a single 0 or 1, which directly corresponds to a single "switch" in a circuit. Add enough of these "switches" together, and you can represent more numbers.

So instead of 1 digit, you end up with 8 to make a byte. A byte, the basic unit of storage, is simply defined as 8 bits; the well-known kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes are derived from the byte, and each is 1, times as big as the other. There is a fold difference as opposed to a fold difference because is a power of 2 but is not. On first glance, it seems like the binary representation of a number uses up more space than its decimal base 10 representation After all, the first is 8 digits long and the second is 3 digits long.

However, this is an invalid argument in the context of displaying numbers on screen, since they're all stored in binary regardless! The only reason that is "smaller" than is because of the way we write it on the screen or on paper. Increasing the base will decrease the number of digits required to represent any given number, but taking directly from the previous point, it is impossible to create a digital circuit that operates in any base other than 2, since there is no state between "on" and "off" unless you get into quantum computers Octal base 8 and hexadecimal base 16 are simply a "shortcut" for representing binary numbers, as both of these bases are powers of 2.

It's easier for the human programmer to represent a bit integer, often used for bit color values, as FF00EE99 instead of Read the Bitwise Operators article for a more in-depth discussion of this. Imagine a computer based on base numbers. Then, each "switch" would have 10 possible states. These can be represented by the digits known as "bans" or "dits", meaning "decimal digits" 0 through 9. In this system, numbers would be represented in base This is not possible with regular electronic components of today, but it is theoretically possible on a quantum level.

Is this system more efficient? Assuming the "switches" of a standard binary computer take up the same amount of physical space nanometers as these base switches, the base computer would be able to fit considerably more processing power into the same physical space. So although the question of binary being "inefficient" does have some validity in theory, but not in practical use today.

Computers weren't initially designed to use binary We only use binary because we currently do not have the technology to create "switches" that can reliably hold more than two possible states. Quantum computers aren't exactly on sale at the moment. The binary system was chosen only because it is quite easy to distinguish the presence of an electric current from an absense of electric current, especially when working with trillions of such connections.

And using any other number base in this system ridiculous, because the system would need to constantly convert between them. That's all there is to it. Home About Blog Introducing NPS Image Editor and Color Picker 3. How I would fix Windows 8 Summer Updates NPS Image Editor, Alpha 4 Logitech MX Mouse Review —.

Does binary use more storage than decimal? What about octal and hex? Non-binary computers Imagine a computer based on base numbers. Why do all modern-day computers use binary then? Posted on Saturday, May 15, at 4: Comments 81 Skip to comment form. Read it all, and excellant post, Lyosha! Yeah, I do wonder how future computers will be. Who would even use a quantum computer?

Taylor Jasko Quantum computers are a thing of the future. Who will use them? Everybody, much like people use regular transistor-based computers and devices today.

Because they solve the many inevitable problems of today's transistor-based computers, such as the physical universe's limitations of transistor density Moore's Law won't last forever. On the topic of moores law, if you go by definition then moore's law isn't realy a law, it is just an uncannily accurate observation and prediction. Why they called it moore's law when it should be called Moore's Theory of computer miniatureization.

Whats a nice description, really mind blowing. Was wondering about this for years. In a 6-state system 0V, 1V, 2V, 3V, 4V, 5V for instance, a simple voltage dip or spike i. In that case, state1: However, it would mean that components would need to handle up to say 20v without burning out or damaging. This might be too much worry for too little gain, but its a theory anyway. Also, no one has mentioned the different paths idea.

Ben That definitely makes sense, but it means that this technology won't be seen by end users until they alleviate those issues. Unless they alter the way memory is stored, i. The "different paths" idea still reduces to 2 discrete voltage states, making it expressible using binary. Please correct me if I'm wrong here. Those are pretty cool ideas though, and I guess I'll be dealing with huge paradigm shifts in computers as I get older and the limits of current computers are reached.

Well, computers do already use something else to store info, namely very shallow groves in the surface of the CDs and DVDs and the spacing, depths, and lengths of these groves indicate the data.

These are very efficient ways to store data and allow a near limitless amount of possibilities of data. The quantum computers would be used in labs for a long while they refine them to handle end users and, eventually, small enough for a home desktop.

Thank you so much for this simple explanation. I have to imagine that multi-state switches are what will allow our computing power to continue to increase exponentially. Taylor Jasko I would. I'm not a computer guy, but I'm taking a Computer Technology class for my teaching credential, and we went over a simulation of the calculations of a binary system and compared it to a decimal system.

It seemed like binary was faster, but base 10 would be more powerful. Am I understanding this correctly? Chuck They're both equally "powerful" in that they store numbers. Binary is far more efficient for today's computers to process because it's easy to build a reliable circuit that has distinct "on" and "off" states.

Two values in the real world imply the use of a 2-valued number system. Decimal is significantly more intuitive for humans, however, since a we normally have 10 fingers and b our language was built around a base system. Izzy Sending light through glass fibers is quite commonly in use today -- it's known as "fiber optics. It's still significantly faster than copper wire and has the additional benefit of not being influenced by EM interference or varying ground potential over long distances.

You need something that has well-defined quantum states, and unless we're talking positions of an electron or something like that, the only ones that can be easily achieved are "off" and "on.

My teacher has confused me but thanks to your article I get it now! Wouldnt that then be an analog circuit? Daylon Digital circuits have very specific quantifiable states -- analog circuits are continuous and cannot be fully quantified, only approximated.

Would it be possible to have multiple binary circuits to make a base 10 system? For example when circuit 1 is on it represents 1 when 2 on it represents 2 etc? Or would there be complications in timing? Oh and if higher numbers mean faster processing speeds, would a base 3 system be faster than binary?

And then technology could improve from there, base 4, 5, 6. Higher numbers do not necessarily mean faster processing speeds. It greatly depends on how the rest of the system is set up. Think about it this way: Not if there are five nightlight bulbs versus 1 W bulb! Computers use binary numbers because they are SUPER simple for the computer to transcribe. Think of it like different languages.

Chinese has a character for almost everything, but the English language only has 26 characters. The computer uses 2 characters. True that the "Words" have to be longer, but its easier to "remember" 2 characters as opposed to 26 characters in English or who knows how many characters in Chinese.

Its also simpler to interpret those characters, because binary is actually 2 states of the computer. Pretty sure base computers used to exist a long time ago; they weren't produced for very long though. These were not merely binary coded decimal. Most machines actually had ten vacuum tubes per digit in each register. It answers all my questions on the binary system and computer app. Im a student of computer science and i hope to ask u more questions where im confused and also hope to meet you someday.

Hi,I would like to make a point in favour of Decimal base While binary system its very simple and has today a more practical usebecause computers are build with switches ons and offs so you can esaly implement binary ,this doesnt mean that its not possible to develop a different thecnology that could use the Decimal base 10wich its a more powerful base.

Since this base reduces a lot any astronomical calculations. As an example, you mention that a number can be represented by 0s and 1s in binary, so it seems logical that takes more digits and therefor should take more storing space although our present thecnology doesnt allow us to do it in any other way. Well long ago the church stated that earth was flat too because their luck of thecnology. If you take any mathematical funtion like add or divide a number you can esaly see that the process is a lot faster using the decimal base 10 ,more if you try to reduce or classify it.

My intuition says that there is a way to use Decimal base 10 in a computer, you only need that a computer could think like a human. Mark Base 10 was optimized for efficiency for humans. That's why they teach it in schools, and why we use it daily. Thing is, there is nothing inherently "better" about base 10 -- you can perform calculations in any base, it's just harder for a human to use different bases since they're not intuitive. Base computers are possible but they require technology that provides 10 distinct quantum states.

Currently most computers use binary because it's easy to provide 2 quantum states with a digital circuit. Analog computers have used different bases in the past but they were also far more susceptible to interference. Hi again,thanks for your comments. Nevertheless, I dont agree with this statement: And I can prove it with a simple problem: Try to classify a number with "x" digits using a mathematical operation so the result make money alchemy runescape be keep in a constant serial of ordinal numbers.

I believe that using base10 is the best option to do this even more exact than base 12 known to be as best base to use. Mark Our numeric system is optimized for base 10, which is why you can use "constant serial of ordinal numbers" -- not the other way around. Number bases can be used arbitrarily with no loss of meaning. Let's say you have twelve cookies.

You can write it as: As for efficiency and speed of calculation Binary also SEEMS less efficient at first glance because it how to buy or sell stocks after hours more digits to write out the numbers ON PAPER, but by that same logic, the most efficient base would be the highest one practical -- if you have 10, unique characters usable as "digits", you can then represent every number from 0 to 9, using ONLY ONE DIGIT!

A computer, on the other hand, can be built to operate very quickly on many base-2 lines in a digital circuit because it's very easy for it to represent 2 states on and off but much more difficult to reliably represent multiple states. In a perfect world it can use multiple voltage levels i. This allows the computer to be far more certain of the results even if voltage fluctuates. In the volt base 10 system, a 5-volt signal representing 5 can drop down to 3V, and this messes up the calculation because the other chip "sees" a 3 on the line.

Practical for general use? There is certainly a way to make a base computer, at least in theory. A quantum computer does not operate in base 2 because there are multiple distinct states analogous to "on" and "off", as opposed to "partially on".

This allows it to reliably operate in a higher base. Thanks for your comments. I would like you to read this article, where there is an interesting work about different bases used in arithmetic and some of their capabilitys to deal with different numbers. Mark That's very interesting, and I agree with it It's difficult for a human to deal with digit strings of binary numbers.

Again, this article repricing of options why computers use binary, and in no way implies that binary is universally superior. Nookin, Have you researched Memristors at all? They're a relatively new technology with big implications for computing: You should look it up.

Thanks for this article, very helpful and concise!

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Assuming the problem with a base 10 computer is data corruption excluding complexity of developing a base 10 computercouldn't we simply use some type of check sum or hash algorithm to verify the data's integrity?

Even with the additional load of calculating the check sum, one could imagine that the increased efficiency would more than make up for the additional calculations. Napolean The problem with a base computer isn't data corruption per se -- it's a problem with an analog bit computer private information trading volume and stock return variances has, say, 10 voltage levels.

A checksum algorithm, it would need to be implemented using the same presumably corrupt base khalid teknik forex sebenar logic. See the problem there?

Such a computer will not be subject to data corruption in the way that an analog one will be. There are also other costs involved. If it transcription jobs from home uk X units to produce a 1-bit binary options brain review circuit element and 10X units to produce a 1-dit decimal circuit element, it will be possible to build a bit circuit that's capable of holding possible values for the same price as a "more efficient" decimal circuit that can only hold 10 possible values.

Thus the binary computer is actually more "efficient" euro rate in indian western union a given price point. Attempting to define "states" of resistance will result in the same problems that plague analog computers in general. Nookkin, do you know about mitochondria being networked nanoscale tunneling electronic devices? They can gate electrons at four or five different electric potentials between millivolts and around 1.

These mitochondria in all the living cells on earth all have electron flow pretty much like the electron flow in doped semiconductors. To handle all the computation involved in managing the five thousand or ten thousand chemical reactions taking place in a living cell, it would make a lot of sense for these guys to be the intracellular quantum computer.

You can watch them doing their electron flow, but it's a little bit positive effects of the stock market crash of 1929 watching a brain's fMRI: You know that something's happening but you don't know what it is as Bob Dylan pointed out a long time ago.

Electron flow in networked mitochondria is not some theory, either it's a biophysically measurable phenomenon. If those electrons weren't flowin' in your mitochondria right now, you would NOT be reading this. I know, mitochondria are supposedly onlhy good for making ATP from ADP by pumping protons the opposite of electron flow. Some guy got a Nobel prize for saying that!

If that's true, then a Toshiba is a not very good space heater. Nookkin, thank you very much for the article and the comments. I have understood very well about why computers use binary base. I have a question about the binary base in general. I know it is a bit off-topic, but you seem to understand numbers well, so I hope you answer.

I find it misleading about the binary and any other base, how it treats Zero. Zero represents "nothing", but the way it is used, it doesn't represent "nothing", but is just used as another symbol. Here is an example is binary base. Here 0 is not nothing and could be replaced with any other symbol, for example. So 1 will also be equal to or 8 in decimal base. My point is that, thought it is called binary grey market stocks trade are actually 3 symbols.

Why do you think it was called binary though? It applies to other bases as well. Sashko It's called "binary" because there are 2 symbols, 0 and 1. Note qqq stock systems trading binary, or any other number system for that matter, is simply a way to represent numbers, so the symbol "0" doesn't mean anything by itself.

A representation of a number consists of an infinite number of "place values" starting with the units 1. Each place value has a numeric value equal to the base raised to the place value's position.

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With this in mind, the 0 simply indicates "the number doesn't contain anything from this place value" -- we write in the zeros to make sure the actual place values don't get shifted over. You can write the number 5 in binary in 3 different ways: I just kept reading on the topic. And have found an article on Zero. Can you tell me why we program in binary number system. Jiyk Pee We don't program in the binary number system. Computers just happen bse stock charts technical analysis store our programs in a certain way, in this case using 32 or 64 bits for each instruction word.

Ben Actaully it could not have more than one current. They would have to translate back to a binary sort of system to unify economics class stock market project, or else they will all have to connect.

Make money surfing business machine opportunity vending best Roy said about memsistors got me going on a different tangent of QC's. Say state 1 is 5v but at 60 Hz, state 2 could be 5v 75 Hz, state 3 5v 90 Hz name of stock broking companies in india so on.

This still has a wide tolerance, as we could make the gaps wider or narrower depending on the use smaller gaps for in laboratories, larger for a home desktop. Nice explanationis it possible to learn binary language?? In a way yes, but binary itself isn't a language. In order to convert binary to words, you have to use some sort of encoding, with the most common of which are ASCII and UTF With ASCII each byte group of 8 bits, or binary characters corresponds to a character.

For example, if i havein ASCII I would find what Stock market lesson plans for middle school translation that is, which in this case is "x" little x, big X is In UTF-8 "x" is the same, but there are some additional characters and the mapping could be different.

I understand your article but i have a problem if binary use large space then decimal then why still computer process in binary????

Any group or lab working on switches that hold 10 different states???? Sohaib Jamil While binary does use more "space" i. Building switches that hold 10 discrete states is possible but unless and until it becomes practical to manufacture them, it will be much cheaper and more efficient to keep using binary.

Not sure of any specific examples though. Nookkin, I'm following right along with your comments about binary versus any other set. So I understand why we are currently using binary. From your comments I see why what I wonder about will be difficult and likely some time off.

But I would like your thoughts on this. With my limited knowledge of the human brain and it's structure, I understand that within the brain one node bit in computer terminology can have one or where is option key on pc keyboard connecting nodes.

Depending on the synapes voltage if using computer terminology none, one, all, or any combination could be "opened". It seems to me, that even though it is not difficult to quickly pass through many bits of data, it would still be quicker to pass through fewer.

Also, the brain may store some data regarding the position in the string such that the same node can be used in several data strings. I'm not sure about how one would manage such a system, but based on what you know, would it be possible one day to structure a processor to use the same bit in multiple data strings? What about less nodes and more connections?

This would relate to the binary versus other bases. I wonder if the human brain uses a numbering naming system of 10, symbols pick whatever number you wish such that one node is required for each symbol. Thus one full thought can be done with only a few nodes. For computers to become even smaller and faster, it may take a completely different architecture then the long stings of 0 and 1 that we currently use.

Quanta are not as great a leap forward. But if you know of some other biological candidate, I'd really like to hear what it is.

It's just a dumb machine that patiently follows a bunch of instructions It's entirely up to the human programmers to make it do something useful. Good article Nookkin, but I do have to disagree with some of the points, especially about the limitations of circuitry I have been working out ways to achieve decimal computation, using standard electrical circuitry, for many years now.

Not only do I believe that it very possible, but that it should be pursued as soon as possible to help usher in the age of quantum computation and to relieve internet data congestion currently.

For starters, it is a bit of a leftover myth that electrical circuits would not be able to properly distinguish ten states of voltage amplitude. It is also why I can use my computer as a legitimate and accurate oscilloscope. I do agree that a decimal processing computer would, in fact, use far more space and circuitry, but this is no longer a problem thanks to the miniaturization of electronics.

When I got my first desktop computer, the case had very little free space inside of it. However, that has changed dramatically and now my case is almost all free space making me wonder why cases have not really changed size from the standard ATX form factor. The Smart Phone and tablet further this miniaturization. So, when base computing was last given any real consideration by the industry, the size of it was impossible, but now, a base computer would probably just fill my case the way a binary system used to.

Now, some are looking forward to quantum computing as the next leap, and I am on board and excited for this to happen, but it's not around the corner as many hope.

The problem with this is that it may still take another decade or two to actually build the quantum base computer circuits that make this possible, but it will also still take another decade or two for software and ancillary hardware developers to do their part once they actually have the hardware to develop with.

Because this is such a monumental leap in the very foundations of how things will be processed, it will require re-writing everything You won't be able to just install a binary version of Windows or Linux on it without an emulator, and even if you did use an emulator, you would lose all the benefit of operating in base So, the only way to prepare for that is with a hybrid technology that gets developers developing in base as soon as possible.

If programmers and developers had already written and worked out the foundations for base computing on a standard electrical processor by the time the quantum computer was released, it would only take a few years to adapt it for this as opposed to whole decades otherwise, meaning that we could have a quantum computer on our computer desk much sooner.

I have designed a number of crude concepts to make base possible with standard electronics, including a design for a state transistor a decistor? This means that each input pin of a base processor loaded with decistors and transistors could take any input between 0 and 9, process it, and spit out a result on the output pins that is again 0 to 9. While there may be various degrees of logical binary operators between the decistors, it would still flip flop a single cycle in base The advantages would be almost immeasurable I've got most of this base computer sort of figured out, but I am still stuck on finding an efficient way to store the values in a single memory cell without having to use 9 capacitors Either way, interesting article and discussion worth having and seeking solutions to, in my opinion Feel free to email me for further discussion.

That's not all there is to it. Binary is stupid and inappropriate. We only use it because wires were thick and having ten wires through ten switches per tens column naughts, tens, hundreds, thousands etc columns would have taken up more space.

Now that wires are thinner, a base ten computer system is easy to create, and these ridiculous translations into this stupid binary number system that relates more to The Penguin than humans he only had two fingers on each hand are completely outdated and should be abandoned so nobody ever needs to waste years mastering it when they could get busy creating.

In binary switches, you have ONE wire from ONE switch. In base ten switches, you would maybe need wires and switches OR you could pulse the electricity so quickly or in some kind of pattern that you would only need ONE switch OR you could control the STRENGTH of the current so that the computer knows precisely which number you mean. MY LIGHT SWITCH AT HOME HAS AT LEAST 1 MILLION SETTINGS USING AN ANALOGUE DIMMER. IT IS NOT SIMPLY OFF AND ON. When computer uses binary number system.

Explain why binary digits are used to code data to be stored in computee? Huh, that makes so much more sense now. Nice explanation, a good read to learn about binary and its references with other mathematical configurations.

Binary originates from a time where classical science got implemented to create a simple code for the on and off state of a current. We have 10 fingers and somewhere in our history we determined the iconology of zero to be 0.

Obviously this makes logic sence from a humane perspective, yet i can also imagine it to be somewhat counterintuitive With rapid developments in quantum coding, i am curious if we would decide to keep binary as a standard for these task I found very, very interesting the comment by Robert Salmond.

There is another advantage in using bases bigger than base two: The less the needed digits to represent a quantity, the lesser the frequency of the clock, and therefore the lesser the problems with electromagnetic noise.

Base ten would offer the additional advantage of being compatible with human universal intuitive way of calculating. I'd like to talk to Mr, Salmond to further discuss the theme.

I was looking for a way to simplify why computers use binary for a beginner, and your explanation is perfectly useful. State three reasons why computers use the binary system to represent data 3 marks. WOW loved this article! Amazingly explained, this has helped me with my uni work! JS We certainly can! The issue is that when it comes to electricity, there are only 2 discrete states "on" and "off".

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A TTL chip can accept somewhere between 2 and 5 volts as "on", which makes it fairly resilient to voltage changes.

If we create, say, a base system using 10 different voltages, the necessary electronics to accurately monitor and maintain the voltage will make it much more expensive to produce. It will also be less resilient to changes since the difference between 2 and 5 volts in this case will be significant i. I don't have much of a background to comment, but someone above mentioned the scale 0 to 4 to eventually reach a 16 base.

All together 1 means white and absence of them 0 means black, but they are also read as a 7 colors scale? You can also group numbers as needed -- you get base 16 0-F by grouping 4 base-1 digits and in fact this is used for representing numbers in many programming languages. It's much easier to write "19F" than "", although they represent the same quantity.

Binary is a fact of circuits -- you either have current flowing or you don't, so there are 2 distinct states. It's very simple to make something that uses binary. If you want a variable say, 0V, 5V, 10V, 15V it will work but it will be much harder electrically to build and will be much more susceptible to noise. A weak 10V signal "2" might appear as a strong 5V signal "1" and scramble information easily, whereas in a TTL based V binary system, a 2V signal is still seen as a "1". Likewise you can use quantum states to build a quantum computer which is not binary-based.

The key here is that quantum states are distinct -- there's no doubt about the position. Don't understand why you're so "locked down" on that "Quantum Computer" thing. It is very possible to represent more than 2 states with totally normal technology.

Then, you don't need "Quantum Computers" to simply use an analog voltage say, between 0 and 2. Such a computer may not always be totally exact depending on the temperature of the circuit etc.

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